Biochemical and Hematological Changes Among People With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection Living in Densely Populated Areas in Nairobi County
Abstract
Background: People living in Kenyan slums are at a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. The risk includes infection with multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. With the latest data reported in the year 2021 on Kenya’s tuberculosis prevalence, the survey identified a prevalence of 251 per 100,000 adult populations. It is important to continuously update knowledge on the prevalence of tuberculosis to ensure 2030 tuberculosis end strategy control measures are effectively leading to a decrease.
Methods: Performing tests for the identification of bacteria using the GeneXpert technique. Positive GeneXpert results counted against negative results and hence the prevalence of tuberculosis determined. Hematological and biochemical alterations associated with tuberculosis infection was done. Complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation was performed to determine hematological changes and liver function test to determine biochemical changes. The liver functions test was performed using a biochemistry auto analyzer where manufacturers’ instructions was followed. Sensitivity of anti-TB drugs was accessed by Culture and sensitivity
Results: Twenty-nine (29) sputum specimens generated positive results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while one hundred and thirty-three (133) negative. The percentage distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was 17.9% positive and 82.1% negative. Out of the twenty-nine study subjects, whose results were positive, eighteen (18) were males 62% while eleven were females 38%. The overall prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis was 17.9 % with a male and female distribution of 18 (11.1 %) and 11 (6.8 %) respectively. Many hematological and biochemical changes were significantly high compared to their controls. Among 25 sputum specimens which were cultured, 18 had growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis. The culture growth was subjected to drug sensitivity testing using the following anti-biotic i.e. streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol. Twelve (67%) culture growths were sensitive to streptomycin and six (33%) were resistant to streptomycin. Five (28%) culture growths were sensitive to isoniazid and thirteen (73%) were resistant to isoniazid. Five (28%) culture growths were sensitive to rifampicin and thirteen (73%) were resistant to rifampicin. Eight (44%) culture growths were sensitive to ethambutol while ten (56%) culture growths were resistant to ethambutol.
Conclusion: Improved TB treatment regimens and quick antibiotic sensitivity testing are necessary in light of the rise of multi-drug resistant and extreme drug resistant tuberculosis infection.
